Nanostructures of Water Molecules in Iteratively Filtered Water
Elia V1, Marchettini N2*, Napoli E1 and Tiezzi E°
1Department of Chemistry, University “Federico II” of Naples, Complesso Universitario, di Monte S’Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
2Ecodynamics Group, Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Pian dei Mantellini, 44, 53100 Siena, Italy
ºEnzo Tiezzi passed away on June 25th, 2010. The authors thank Enzo for his precious ideas and suggestions, which are at the basis of this paper.
*Correspondence E-mail: nadia.marchettini@unisi.it
Key Words: Pure water; conductometry; densitometry; dissipative structures; aqueous nanostructures; filtration.
Received Aug 30th 2015; Revised Feb 11th, 2016; Accepted March 18th; Published April 20th; Online May 15th, 2016
Abstract
Here we present experimental results on the physico-chemical properties (electrical conductivity and density) of pure, twice distilled water, subjected to iterative filtration through Pyrex glass filters (Büchner funnels). Because of the linear correlation between conductivity and calorimetry measures, all the phenomena highlighted by conductivity measurements are also highlighted by calorimetric measurements. After iterative filtration, electrical conductivity increased by two orders of magnitude and density showed variations in the fourth decimal digit. The results highlight the importance of the number of iterations, the dimension of filter pores and the volume of filtered water. Part of the increase (10-30%) may be attributed to impurities released by the glass filters. The hypothesis is that the remaining 70-90% of the increment comes from variations in the supramolecular structure of water. The iterative filtration procedure involves flows of energy and matter in an open system. The energy flux is partially dissipated as heat, permitting formation of dissipative structures. The structured water (exclusion zones) at the interface between the glass pores and the liquid probably also plays a major role in determining the formation of dissipative structures. Water, the main ingredient of living systems, exhibits extraordinary self-organization potential triggered by several kinds of perturbation, including mechanical ones.